Abstract Background Most female mosquitoes are anautogenous and must blood feed on a vertebrate host to produce eggs.Prior studies show that the number of eggs females lay per clutch correlates with the volume of blood ingested and that protein is the most important macronutrient for egg formation.In contrast, how whole blood, blood fractions and s
Newcastle disease virus genotype VII gene expression in experimentally infected birds
Abstract Newcastle disease virus genotype VII (NDV-GVII) is a highly contagious pathogen responsible for pandemics that have caused devastating economic losses in the poultry industry.Several features in the transcription of NDV mRNA, including differentially expressed genes across the viral genome, are shared with that for other Lifestyle single,
Do Engineered Nanomaterials Affect Immune Responses by Interacting With Gut Microbiota?
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have been widely exploited in several industrial domains as well as our daily life, raising concern over their potential adverse effects.While in general ENMs do not seem to have detrimental effects on immunity or induce severe inflammation, their indirect effects on immunity are less known.In particular, since the g
Application technology in coffee (Coffea arabica L.): effect of air assistance with manually driven equipment
Small farmers in various parts of Brazil, based the application of pesticides exclusively by a coastal manual sprayers.How it is simple equipment, there are few resources available to improve the quality of the application.The aim of this paper was to study the effect of air assistance, with manual override, in the deposition and percentage of cove